Note: “Compulsory” means citizens must obtain it; “Voluntary” means it’s optional; “Biometric” indicates fingerprints, iris scans, or similar features. Where data is unavailable, status is inferred with a caveat.)

1. Afghanistan – Tazkira (National ID Card), compulsory at 18, biometric (fingerprints).
2. Albania – Letërnjoftimi (Identity Card), compulsory at 16, biometric, EU-standard.
3. Algeria – Carte Nationale d’Identité Biométrique, compulsory, biometric.
4. Andorra – No national ID card; uses passports or residency permits.
5. Angola – Bilhete de Identidade, compulsory at 16, biometric features introduced.
6. Antigua and Barbuda – No national ID card; uses voter ID or passports.
7. Argentina – Documento Nacional de Identidad (DNI), compulsory at birth, biometric.
8. Armenia – ID Card (Հաշմանդամի սույն քարտ), compulsory, biometric.
9. Australia – No national ID card; uses state-issued driver’s licenses or passports.
10. Austria – Personalausweis (Identity Card), voluntary, biometric, EU-standard.
11. Azerbaijan – Şəxsiyyət vəsiqəsi (Identity Card), compulsory at 15, biometric.
12. Bahamas – No national ID card; uses voter registration cards or passports.
13. Bahrain – Smart Card (Identity Card), compulsory, biometric, GCC-recognized.
14. Bangladesh – National Identity Card (NID), compulsory at 18, biometric.
15. Barbados – National Registration Card, compulsory at 16.
16. Belarus – National Identity Card, compulsory at 14, biometric features planned.
17. Belgium – Carte d’Identité/eID, compulsory at 12, biometric, EU-standard.
18. Belize – No national ID card; uses Social Security cards or passports.
19. Benin – Carte Nationale d’Identité, compulsory, biometric features in progress.
20. Bhutan – Citizenship Identity Card, compulsory, biometric.
21. Bolivia – Cédula de Identidad, compulsory at 18, biometric.
22. Bosnia and Herzegovina – Lična karta, compulsory at 16, biometric, EU-aligned.
23. Botswana – Omang (National Identity Card), compulsory at 16.
24. Brazil – Carteira de Identidade (RG), compulsory at 18, transitioning to biometric.
25. Brunei – Identity Card (IC), compulsory at 12, biometric.
26. Bulgaria – Lichna karta, compulsory at 14, biometric, EU-standard.
27. Burkina Faso – Carte Nationale d’Identité, compulsory, biometric in development.
28. Burundi – Carte Nationale d’Identité, compulsory (limited data; inferred).
29. Cabo Verde – Cartão Nacional de Identificação, compulsory, biometric.
30. Cambodia – National Identity Card, compulsory at 15, biometric introduced.
31. Cameroon – Carte Nationale d’Identité, compulsory, biometric.
32. Canada – No national ID card; uses provincial driver’s licenses or passports.
33. Central African Republic – Carte Nationale d’Identité (inferred; limited data).
34. Chad – Carte Nationale d’Identité, compulsory (inferred; limited data).
35. Chile – Cédula de Identidad, compulsory at 18, biometric.
36. China – Resident Identity Card, compulsory at 16, biometric.
37. Colombia – Cédula de Ciudadanía, compulsory at 18, biometric.
38. Comoros – Carte Nationale d’Identité (inferred; limited data).
39. Congo, Democratic Republic of the – Carte d’Électeur (voter ID used as ID; limited national system).
40. Congo, Republic of the – Carte Nationale d’Identité (inferred; limited data).
41. Costa Rica – Cédula de Identidad, compulsory at 18, biometric.
42. Croatia – Osobna iskaznica, compulsory at 16, biometric, EU-standard.
43. Cuba – Carnet de Identidad, compulsory at 16.
44. Cyprus – Identity Card, compulsory at 12, biometric, EU-standard.
45. Czech Republic – Občanský průkaz, compulsory at 15, biometric, EU-standard.
46. Denmark – No national ID card; uses health insurance cards or passports.
47. Djibouti – Carte Nationale d’Identité (inferred; limited data).
48. Dominica – No national ID card; uses voter ID or passports.
49. Dominican Republic – Cédula de Identidad y Electoral, compulsory at 18, biometric.
50. Ecuador – Cédula de Identidad, compulsory at 18, biometric.
51. Egypt – National ID Card (Raqam Qawmi), compulsory at 16, biometric.
52. El Salvador – Documento Único de Identidad (DUI), compulsory at 18, biometric.
53. Equatorial Guinea – Carte Nationale d’Identité (inferred; limited data).
54. Eritrea – National Identity Card, compulsory (limited data; inferred).
55. Estonia – ID-kaart, compulsory at 15, biometric, digital-enabled, EU-standard.
56. Eswatini – National Identity Card, compulsory at 16.
57. Ethiopia – National ID Card (Kebele ID transitioning to biometric system).
58. Fiji – No national ID card; uses voter ID or passports.
59. Finland – Henkilökortti, voluntary, biometric, EU-standard.
60. France – Carte Nationale d’Identité, voluntary, biometric, EU-standard.
61. Gabon – Carte Nationale d’Identité, compulsory, biometric in development.
62. Gambia – National Identity Card, compulsory, biometric.
63. Georgia – ID Card (პირადობის მოწმობა), compulsory at 14, biometric.
64. Germany – Personalausweis, compulsory at 16, biometric, EU-standard.
65. Ghana – Ghana Card, compulsory at 15, biometric.
66. Greece – Δελτίο Ταυτότητας, compulsory at 12, biometric, EU-standard.
67. Grenada – No national ID card; uses voter ID or passports.
68. Guatemala – Documento Personal de Identificación (DPI), compulsory, biometric.
69. Guinea – Carte Nationale d’Identité, compulsory (inferred; limited data).
70. Guinea-Bissau – Carte Nationale d’Identité (inferred; limited data).
71. Guyana – National Identification Card, compulsory at 14.
72. Haiti – Carte d’Identité Nationale, compulsory, biometric.
73. Honduras – Tarjeta de Identidad, compulsory at 18, biometric.
74. Hungary – Személyazonosító Igazolvány, compulsory at 14, biometric, EU-standard.
75. Iceland – No compulsory ID card; voluntary Rafræn skilríki (eID) available, biometric.
76. India – Aadhaar Card, voluntary (de facto compulsory), biometric.
77. Indonesia – Kartu Tanda Penduduk (KTP), compulsory at 17, biometric.
78. Iran – National Identity Card, compulsory at 15, biometric.
79. Iraq – National Card (البطاقة الوطنية), compulsory, biometric.
80. Ireland – No national ID card; uses Public Services Card (voluntary) or passports.
81. Israel – Teudat Zehut, compulsory at 16, biometric options available.
82. Italy – Carta d’Identità, compulsory at 15, biometric, EU-standard.
83. Jamaica – National Identification Card (under NIDS), compulsory, biometric.
84. Japan – My Number Card, voluntary, biometric features optional.
85. Jordan – National ID Card, compulsory at 16, biometric.
86. Kazakhstan – Identity Card (Жеке куәлік), compulsory at 16, biometric.
87. Kenya – National Identity Card, compulsory at 18, biometric (Huduma Namba).
88. Kiribati – No national ID card; uses passports or birth certificates.
89. Korea, North – Citizen’s Certificate, compulsory (limited data; inferred).
90. Korea, South – Resident Registration Card, compulsory at 17, biometric.
91. Kuwait – Civil ID Card, compulsory, biometric, GCC-recognized.
92. Kyrgyzstan – ID Card (ID-карта), compulsory at 16, biometric.
93. Laos – National ID Card, compulsory, biometric in development.
94. Latvia – Personas apliecība, compulsory at 15, biometric, EU-standard.
95. Lebanon – بطاقة الهوية (Identity Card), compulsory at 15.
96. Lesotho – National Identity Card, compulsory, biometric.
97. Liberia – National Identification Card, compulsory, biometric in progress.
98. Libya – National Number Card, compulsory, biometric.
99. Liechtenstein – Identity Card, voluntary, biometric, EEA-standard.
100. Lithuania – Asmens tapatybės kortelė, compulsory at 16, biometric, EU-standard.
101. Luxembourg – Carte d’Identité, compulsory at 15, biometric, EU-standard.
102. Madagascar – Carte Nationale d’Identité (inferred; limited data).
103. Malawi – National ID Card, compulsory, biometric.
104. Malaysia – MyKad, compulsory at 12, biometric, multipurpose.
105. Maldives – National Identity Card, compulsory at 10, biometric.
106. Mali – Carte Nationale d’Identité, compulsory (inferred; limited data).
107. Malta – Identity Card, compulsory at 14, biometric, EU-standard.
108. Marshall Islands – No national ID card; uses passports or residency documents.
109. Mauritania – Carte Nationale d’Identité, compulsory, biometric.
110. Mauritius – National Identity Card, compulsory at 18, biometric.
111. Mexico – Credencial para Votar (voter ID used as national ID), voluntary, biometric.
112. Micronesia – No national ID card; uses passports or state IDs.
113. Moldova – Buletin de Identitate, compulsory at 16, biometric.
114. Monaco – Carte d’Identité, voluntary (inferred; limited data).
115. Mongolia – Citizen’s ID Card, compulsory at 16, biometric.
116. Montenegro – Lična karta, compulsory at 16, biometric.
117. Morocco – Carte Nationale d’Identité Électronique, compulsory, biometric.
118. Mozambique – Bilhete de Identidade, compulsory (inferred; limited data).
119. Myanmar – National Registration Card, compulsory at 10.
120. Namibia – National Identity Card, compulsory at 16, biometric.
121. Nauru – No national ID card; uses passports or residency documents.
122. Nepal – National Identity Card, compulsory, biometric rollout in progress.
123. Netherlands – Identiteitskaart, compulsory at 14, biometric, EU-standard.
124. New Zealand – No national ID card; uses driver’s licenses or passports.
125. Nicaragua – Cédula de Identidad, compulsory at 16, biometric.
126. Niger – Carte Nationale d’Identité (inferred; limited data).
127. Nigeria – National Identification Number (NIN) Card, compulsory, biometric.
128. North Macedonia – Лична карта, compulsory at 18, biometric.
129. Norway – No compulsory national ID card; voluntary Nasjonalt ID-kort, biometric.
130. Oman – National ID Card, compulsory, biometric, GCC-recognized.
131. Pakistan – Computerized National Identity Card (CNIC), compulsory at 18, biometric.
132. Palau – No national ID card; uses passports or residency documents.
133. Panama – Cédula de Identidad Personal, compulsory at 18, biometric.
134. Papua New Guinea – National Identification Card (NID), compulsory, biometric rollout.
135. Paraguay – Cédula de Identidad, compulsory at 18, biometric.
136. Peru – Documento Nacional de Identidad (DNI), compulsory at 17, biometric.
137. Philippines – Philippine National ID (PhilSys), compulsory, biometric.
138. Poland – Dowód Osobisty, compulsory at 18, biometric, EU-standard.
139. Portugal – Cartão de Cidadão, compulsory at 16, biometric, EU-standard.
140. Qatar – Qatar ID Card, compulsory, biometric, GCC-recognized.
141. Romania – Carte de Identitate, compulsory at 14, biometric, EU-standard.
142. Russia – Internal Passport (replacing with biometric ID card), compulsory at 14.
143. Rwanda – National ID Card, compulsory at 16, biometric.
144. Saint Kitts and Nevis – No national ID card; uses voter ID or passports.
145. Saint Lucia – No national ID card; uses voter ID or passports.
146. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines – No national ID card; uses voter ID or passports.
147. Samoa – No national ID card; uses passports or birth certificates.
148. San Marino – Carta d’Identità, voluntary, biometric.
149. São Tomé and Príncipe – Carteira de Identidade (inferred; limited data).
150. Saudi Arabia – National ID Card (Iqama for residents), compulsory, biometric.
151. Senegal – Carte Nationale d’Identité, compulsory, biometric.
152. Serbia – Lična karta, compulsory at 16, biometric.
153. Seychelles – National Identity Card, compulsory at 18, biometric.
154. Sierra Leone – National Identity Card, compulsory, biometric.
155. Singapore – National Registration Identity Card (NRIC), compulsory at 15, biometric.
156. Slovakia – Občiansky preukaz, compulsory at 15, biometric, EU-standard.
157. Slovenia – Osebna izkaznica, compulsory at 18, biometric, EU-standard.
158. Solomon Islands – No national ID card; uses voter ID or passports.
159. Somalia – National ID Card, compulsory, biometric rollout in progress.
160. South Africa – Smart ID Card, compulsory at 16, biometric.
161. South Sudan – National Identity Card, compulsory (limited implementation).
162. Spain – Documento Nacional de Identidad (DNI), compulsory at 14, biometric, EU-standard.
163. Sri Lanka – National Identity Card (NIC), compulsory at 16, biometric.
164. Sudan – National ID Card, compulsory, biometric.
165. Suriname – Identiteitskaart, compulsory at 16 (inferred; limited data).
166. Sweden – Nationellt identitetskort, voluntary, biometric, EU-standard.
167. Switzerland – Identitätskarte/Carte d’Identité, voluntary, biometric.
168. Syria – بطاقة الهوية الوطنية (National ID Card), compulsory at 14.
169. Tajikistan – ID Card (Шаҳодатномаи шахсӣ), compulsory at 16, biometric.
170. Tanzania – National Identification Card (NIDA), compulsory, biometric.
171. Thailand – Thai National ID Card, compulsory at 7, biometric.
172. Timor-Leste – Bilhete de Identidade, compulsory (inferred; limited data).
173. Togo – Carte Nationale d’Identité, compulsory, biometric in progress.
174. Tonga – No national ID card; uses passports or birth certificates.
175. Trinidad and Tobago – National Identification Card, compulsory at 15.
176. Tunisia – Carte Nationale d’Identité, compulsory at 18, biometric.
177. Turkey – T.C. Kimlik Kartı, compulsory at birth, biometric.
178. Turkmenistan – Identity Card (Şahsyýetnamasy), compulsory at 16 (inferred).
179. Tuvalu – No national ID card; uses passports or residency documents.
180. Uganda – National Identity Card, compulsory at 16, biometric.
181. Ukraine – ID Card (Картка особи), compulsory at 14, biometric.
182. United Arab Emirates – Emirates ID, compulsory, biometric, GCC-recognized.
183. United Kingdom – No national ID card; uses passports or driver’s licenses.
184. United States – No national ID card; uses state driver’s licenses or Social Security cards.
185. Uruguay – Cédula de Identidad, compulsory at 18, biometric.
186. Uzbekistan – ID Card (ID-карта), compulsory at 16, biometric.
187. Vanuatu – No national ID card; uses voter ID or passports.
188. Vatican City – Carta d’Identità, issued to residents/employees, voluntary.
189. Venezuela – Cédula de Identidad, compulsory at 10, biometric.
190. Vietnam – Căn cước công dân, compulsory at 14, biometric.
191. Yemen – National ID Card, compulsory, biometric (limited implementation).
192. Zambia – National Registration Card, compulsory at 16, biometric.
193. Zimbabwe – National Registration Card, compulsory at 16, biometric.

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Notes on the List

• Countries Without National ID Cards: Fewer than 10 countries lack a national ID card system (e.g., Australia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand, UK, US), relying on alternatives like passports or driver’s licenses. Microstates (e.g., Nauru, Tuvalu) also typically lack formal ID cards due to small populations.
• Inferred Data: For countries with limited documentation (e.g., Chad, Comoros, São Tomé and Príncipe), I’ve assumed a basic ID card exists based on regional norms in Africa or developing nations, but specifics are unavailable without primary sources.
• Biometric Trends: Many countries have adopted or are transitioning to biometric IDs since the early 2000s, driven by security and e-governance needs.
• EU/EEA Standards: Most European Union and European Economic Area countries issue biometric ID cards compliant with EU regulations, often compulsory.

Limitations

This list is as complete as possible given current knowledge, but some entries rely on inference where official data is scarce. For absolute accuracy, each country’s government website or local records would need verification, which is beyond the scope of this response.